Pronoun (सर्वनाम) – Complete Beginner to Advanced Guide
English grammar में Pronoun एक बहुत महत्वपूर्ण part of speech है। Pronoun का काम होता है Noun की जगह लेना ताकि sentence बार-बार दोहराव से बच सके और natural लगे।
Definition of Pronoun
English Definition:
A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun.
Hindi Meaning:
Pronoun वह शब्द है जो किसी संज्ञा (Noun) की जगह प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Why Pronouns are Important?
अगर हम हर बार noun को repeat करें, तो sentence awkward हो जाता है:
Ram is a good boy. Ram plays cricket. Ram is my friend.
Correct form:
Ram is a good boy. He plays cricket. He is my friend.
Types of Pronouns
1. Personal Pronouns
ये व्यक्ति या वस्तु को दर्शाते हैं।
| Subject | Object | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I | Me | मैं |
| You | You | तुम/आप |
| He | Him | वह (पुरुष) |
| She | Her | वह (स्त्री) |
| It | It | वस्तु/जानवर |
| We | Us | हम |
| They | Them | वे |
Examples:
- He is my brother.
- She called me.
- They are playing.
- I saw him yesterday.
2. Possessive Pronouns (अधिकार दर्शाने वाले)
- Mine
- Yours
- His
- Hers
- Ours
- Theirs
Examples:
- This book is mine.
- The car is his.
- This house is ours.
- These bags are theirs.
3. Reflexive Pronouns (खुद पर action)
- Myself
- Yourself
- Himself
- Herself
- Ourselves
- Themselves
Examples:
- I taught myself.
- She hurt herself.
- They enjoyed themselves.
- He blamed himself.
4. Relative Pronouns (जोड़ने वाले)
- Who
- Which
- That
Examples:
- The boy who is running is my friend.
- The book which I bought is interesting.
- The dog that barked is mine.
5. Demonstrative Pronouns (संकेत करने वाले)
- This
- That
- These
- Those
Examples:
- This is my pen.
- That is your house.
- These are books.
- Those are mountains.
6. Indefinite Pronouns (अनिश्चित)
- Someone
- Anyone
- Everyone
- Something
- Nothing
Examples:
- Someone is calling you.
- Everyone is happy.
- I don’t know anything.
- Nobody came.
Common Mistakes (बहुत जरूरी)
- ❌ Me and Rahul went → ✅ Rahul and I went
- ❌ This is her book → ✅ This is hers
- ❌ He did it hisself → ✅ He did it himself
- ❌ Everyone have done → ✅ Everyone has done
Practice Exercise – Identify the Pronoun and Its Type
| No. | Sentence | Identify the Type |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | He is my friend. | ________ |
| 2 | She called me. | ________ |
| 3 | This book is mine. | ________ |
| 4 | I hurt myself. | ________ |
| 5 | The boy who is running is fast. | ________ |
| 6 | This is my house. | ________ |
| 7 | Someone is at the door. | ________ |
| 8 | They helped us. | ________ |
| 9 | This car is his. | ________ |
| 10 | She enjoyed herself. | ________ |
| 11 | The book which I bought is new. | ________ |
| 12 | Those are my shoes. | ________ |
| 13 | Everyone is present. | ________ |
| 14 | He gave them chocolates. | ________ |
| 15 | This house is ours. | ________ |
| 16 | He blamed himself. | ________ |
| 17 | The girl that is singing is my sister. | ________ |
| 18 | These are flowers. | ________ |
| 19 | I don’t know anything. | ________ |
| 20 | She invited us to the party. | ________ |
| 21 | This bag is yours. | ________ |
| 22 | They enjoyed themselves. | ________ |
| 23 | The man who is talking is my uncle. | ________ |
| 24 | That is a big building. | ________ |
| 25 | Nobody came to the party. | ________ |
| 26 | She saw him yesterday. | ________ |
| 27 | This is hers. | ________ |
| 28 | I completed the work by myself. | ________ |
| 29 | The dog that barked is mine. | ________ |
| 30 | Something is wrong. | ________ |
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